Rights granted to users to perform certain actions.

• A. Permissions
• B. Roles
• C. Privileges
• D. Access rights

Answer: (A)

Permissions define the rights that a user or group has to perform specific actions on a resource. In access control, these are the concrete operations you’re allowed to do—like reading, writing, executing, or deleting a file, or querying or updating a database. Roles are how you bundle multiple permissions together for a job function, making it easier to assign lots of permissions at once. Privileges can be similar, but in many contexts the standard term for the actual actions you’re allowed to perform on resources is permissions, and “access rights” is a broader phrasing that’s less precise in formal security nomenclature. So the best fit for “Rights granted to users to perform certain actions” is permissions.