Which type of languages are used to perform queries in databases?

• A. Programming languages
• B. Markup languages
• C. Query languages
• D. Functional languages

Answer: (C)

Querying databases is done with languages designed specifically to retrieve and manipulate data stored in tables. These query languages let you specify exactly which data you want, apply filters, perform joins, and define how results should be organized. The most widely used example is SQL, which lets you write statements to select, insert, update, and delete data in relational databases. Other kinds include SPARQL for querying graph databases and XQuery for XML databases. Programming languages are general-purpose and can access a database through libraries, but they are not built primarily for expressing data queries. Markup languages describe structure and presentation of data, not how to retrieve it. Functional languages focus on composing computations, not directly on querying stored data. Therefore, the type of languages used to perform queries in databases are query languages.